margaret hamilton biography

Played Aunt Eva on the radio series Ethel and Albert in the 1940s and 1950s . She served on the Beverly Hills Board of Education from 1948 to 1951 and was a Sunday school teacher during the 1950s. In 2009, she received the Outstanding Alumni Award by. She was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. When she was studying at Earlham College, she met James Hamilton. They married in the late 1950s, after she graduated in mathematics. And there's always a funny reaction, like 'Ye gods, they wish they hadn't asked.' [23] This included error detection and recovery software such as restarts and the Display Interface Routines (also known as the Priority Displays), which Hamilton designed and developed. It was an ongoing joke for a long time. "Everything was going according to plan until something totally unexpected happened, just as the astronauts were in the process of landing on the moon," she recalled. Storey was born in San Francisco, California, into an educated household. Four years later, she obtained the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). By 1968, she was in charge of all Command Module software, which was all the software for navigation and lunar landing guidance. [11], In Boston, Hamilton initially intended to enroll in graduate study in abstract mathematics at Brandeis University. Snyder, Lawrence and Henry, Ray Laura, "Fluency7 with Information Technology", Pearson, M. Hamilton, S. Zeldin (1976) "Higher order softwareA methodology for defining software". For her work during this period, Hamilton has been credited with popularizing the concept of software engineering. The meaning of those almost mysterious codes was available to very few. She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in the 1950s and later earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy from Earlham College in 1958. Dishonored Lady. She is from USA. In reality, she cared deeply about children, frequently giving to charitable organizations. In 1986 Margaret founded the company Hamilton Technologies in Cambridge, Massachusetts. By continuing to use the site, you agree to the use of cookies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. They had one son, Hamilton Wadsworth Meserve, whom she raised on her own. Check out Margaret Hamilton's Bio Now Margaret Hamilton was born in 1936 in the United States. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Hamilton's plain looks helped to bring steady work as a character actress. She was a distant cousin of Neil Hamilton, with whom she appeared in By Your Leave (1934). Among them, there were 6 in which the man stepped on the floor of the Moon. Later in the decade, she was in a little-known film noir, titled Bungalow 13 (1948), in which she again costarred opposite Cromwell. [14] The SAGE Project was an extension of Project Whirlwind, started by MIT to create a computer system that could predict weather systems and track their movements using simulators. After graduation she married her first husband, James Cox Hamilton, and . Her father, Thomas Storey, was the founder of the Stanford University School of Health. Margaret Hamilton's net worth In 1954, she graduated from Thomas Hancock High School in Minnesota. In 1976, Hamilton co-founded with Saydean Zeldin a company called Higher Order Software (HOS)[40] to further develop ideas about error prevention and fault tolerance emerging from their experience at MIT working on the Apollo program. At the time, computer science and software engineering were not yet established disciplines; instead, programmers learned on the job with hands-on experience. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. In addition to requiring a deep understanding of computers, it was not easy to write just over 400,000 lines of code that were inserted into the operating system of the lunar module in the Apollo missions. In 1945, she played the domineering sister of Oz co-star Jack Haley in George White's Scandals, comically trying to prevent him from marrying actress Joan Davis, even going so far as to throw a hatchet at her. [81][14] The couple then moved to Boston, Massachusetts,[14] where they had a daughter, Lauren, born on November 10, 1959. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". is 5'(1.52m) . Biography of Margaret Hamilton, American Computer Scientist, Biography of Elizabeth Barrett, British poet, Biography of Ursula von der Leyen, German politician, Biography of Isabel Zendal, Spanish nurse, Biography of Sheila Herrero, Spanish athlete, Biography of Genoveva Torres, Spanish religious. Design & Development: When I was the beginner they gave it to me as well. ..and your little dog, too!" The woman behind of cinema's most iconic villains, Cleveland-born Margaret . MIT Museum: Margaret Hamilton Apollo Photos. The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. "[13] She appeared as herself in three episodes of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, between 1975 and 1976, because Fred Rogers wanted his viewers to recognize the Wicked Witch was just a character and not something to be afraid of. She had three grandchildren, Christopher, Scott, and Margaret. Hamilton was a regular parishioner of the Presbyterian church. [16] Hamilton also served as Director of the Software Engineering Division. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2018-2023, All Rights Reserved Super Stars Bio. Early life [ edit] These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. They like to hear it but they 'don't' like to hear it. Mutual respect was across the board. She lived in Manhattan for most of her adult life, and summered in a cottage on Cape Island, Southport, Maine. mystery guest on the popular Sunday night CBS-TV program. [4] She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1955 before transferring to Earlham College, where her mother was a student;[7][8] she earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy in 1958. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Margaret Hamilton (Margaret Brainard Hamilton) was born on 9 December, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, is an Actress, Soundtrack. In 1962, Hamilton played Leora Scofield, a suffragette who arrives in Laramie, Wyoming, to bolster feminist causes in a territory where women had already obtained the right to vote, in the episode "Beyond Justice" of NBC's Laramie. ], She married Paul Boynton Meserve on June 13, 1931, and made her debut on the New York City stage the following year. Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Hamilton was born in Cleveland, Ohio and practiced her craft doing children's theater while she was a Junior League of Cleveland member. "The award included the largest financial award that NASA had ever presented to any individual up to that point. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented on November 22, 2016 by the President of the United States, for her brilliant work during the Apollo missions in the 1960s. The crowning mission, Apollo 11 in July 1969, saw Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descend all the way to the surface in the lunar module, safely return to the command module (piloted by Mike Collins) and make it home to Earth. "Hamilton contributed to concepts of asynchronous software, priority scheduling and priority displays, and human-in-the-loop decision capability, which set the foundation for modern, ultra-reliable software design and engineering," the citation for her medal read. Soon after, Neil Armstrong radioed the expected message to Houston: The Eagle has landed, The Eagle has landed. Margaret Hamilton, the actress whose role as the cackling Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz unnerved generations of children, died yesterday, apparently of a heart attack, at a nursing home in Salisbury, Connecticut. JWST finds galaxies that shouldn't exist! The pipe exploded on the third take of the scene. [2], Margaret Elaine Heafield was born August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana,[3] to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield (ne Partington). Zeitlin, Arnold. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: [email protected]. [1], On November 22, 2016, Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from president Barack Obama for her work leading to the development of on-board flight software for NASA's Apollo Moon missions. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hamilton had a long-running role on the radio series Ethel and Albert (or The Couple Next Door) in which she played the lovable, scattered Aunt Eva (name later changed to Aunt Effie). "Hamilton was honored by NASA in 2003, when she was presented a special award recognizing the value of her innovations in the Apollo software development," NASA wrote in 2016. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Guest in the House. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. A kindergarten teacher in her native Cleveland, Margaret Hamilton began her acting career there in community theatre and with the prestigious Cleveland Playhouse. Hamilton and Morgan never share any scenes in Oz. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. They're really scared for a second. Hamilton led the software engineering division at Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Instrumentation Laboratory. ", Hamilton later left MIT to start her own software company, but her name is still most recognized for her lunar landing accomplishments. Hamilton was cast after Gale Sondergaard, who was first considered for the role, albeit as a more glamorous witch with a musical scene, declined the role when the decision was made that the witch should appear ugly.[6]. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo programs guidance system. So I was assigned this program and I actually got it to work. This brilliant mathematician, systems engineer, and computational scientist, was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. "Every time the CPU approached overload, the software cleared out its entire queue of processes, restarted its functions; allowing only the highest priority ones to perform until the landing was completed," she said. She appeared regularly in supporting roles in films until the early 1950s and sporadically thereafter. In March 1986, she founded Hamilton Technologies, Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. [47] In 1980, British-Israeli computer scientist David Harel published a proposal for a structured programming language derived from HOS from the viewpoint of and/or subgoals. In 2009, Margaret Hamilton and fellow MIT software engineers described what is was like to contribute to the Apollo missions 40 years after the famous Apollo 11 landing in the Moon's Sea of Tranquility in July 1969. American software engineer and businesswoman, American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist. Biography. The on-board flight software captured these alarms with the "never supposed to happen displays" interrupting the astronauts with priority alarm displays. We have a full Biography, Photos, Theatre Credits, and more! Her crisp voice with rapid but clear enunciation was another trademark. Her son, interviewed for the 2005 DVD edition of the film, commented that Hamilton enjoyed the line so much, she sometimes used it in her real life. Hamilton never remarried. MIT's instrumentation lab received the contract for the Apollo guidance and control systems on Aug. 9, 1961, when the United States had accomplished only two spaceflights both with just one crewmember on board, and both in suborbital space. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Apollo 9 tested out the lunar module and command module together in Earth orbit for the first time, and then the two spacecraft were tested again in lunar orbit for Apollo 10. Margaret Hamilton was born on August 17, 1936. "[64][65], In 2019, to celebrate 50 years to the Apollo landing, Google decided to make a tribute to Hamilton. As she grew, she quickly developed a passion for mathematics and decided to work in this domain. and he said, 'What else? The mirrors at the Ivanpah plant were configured to create a picture of Hamilton and the Apollo 11 by moonlight. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. We knew that. [14] On October 30, 1975, she guest-starred on the radio revival series CBS Radio Mystery Theater. !' [25], Her areas of expertise include: systems design and software development, enterprise and process modeling, development paradigm, formal systems modeling languages, system-oriented objects for systems modeling and development, automated life-cycle environments, methods for maximizing software reliability and reuse, domain analysis, correctness by built-in language properties, open-architecture techniques for robust systems, full life-cycle automation, quality assurance, seamless integration, error detection and recovery techniques, human-machine interface systems, operating systems, end-to-end testing techniques, and life-cycle management techniques. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Hamilton's line from The Wizard of Oz "I'll get you, my pretty, and your little dog, too!" Even adolescents. Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 May 16, 1985) was an American actress and educator. Moore Boeck. View popular celebrities life details, birth signs and real ages. Profiled in "American Classic Screen Interviews" (Scarecrow Press). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. She portrayed the sister of Witchiepoo from H.R. Later in life, she would comment on the role of the witch in a light-hearted fashion. in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University and (soon) a Bachelor of History from Athabasca University. NASA Science Social Media Consolidation FAQ, Questions and Answers for SMD Bridge Program Workshop Organizing Committee, Biological and Physical Sciences Advisory Committee, PI Launchpad: Developing Your First Flight Mission Proposal, PI Launchpad: Pre-application Information Session, Questions and Answers about the PI Launchpad 2021 Virtual Workshop, Questions and Answers about the PI Launchpad 2023 In-Person Workshop, Science Mission Directorate PI Launchpad Workshop, Nationwide Eclipse Ballooning Project (NEBP), Ocean Community Engagement and Awareness using NASA Earth Observations and Science for Hispanic/Latino students, Best Practices for Establishing Part-Time/Time-Limited Supervisory Opportunities, Science Career Opportunities Planning and Exploration Workshop. [63] Hamilton's innovations go beyond the feats of playing an important role in getting humans to the Moon. However, in By Your Leave (1934), she plays his housekeeper, and in Saratoga (1937), she has a colloquy with Morgan regarding a cosmetic product he invented (with side glances and eye rolls by Morgan as to its effect on her "beauty"). She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. Margaret Heafield Hamilton is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. Margaret Hamilton. Biography in: "The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives". For Hamilton, although Apollo 11 was monumental, she relished the challenge of doing her job for it. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. While studying mathematics and philosophy at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, she met James Hamilton, and they subsequently married. Omissions? [18] In 1979, she was a guest speaker at a University of Connecticut children's literature class. In The Paul Lynde Halloween Special (1976), she portrayed Lynde's housekeeper, reprising the Wicked Witch role, as well as introducing Lynde to the rock group Kiss. [42][43][44] It was successfully used in numerous government programs[45][46] including a project to formalize and implement C-IDEF, an automated version of IDEF, a modeling language developed by the U.S. Air Force in the Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) project. [4], Hamilton then joined the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory at MIT, which worked on the Apollo Space Mission. Margaret Heafield Hamilton (born August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. The company was developed around the Universal Language of Software Design Systems. Your email address will not be published. Her family later moved to Michigan and Hamilton attended the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, for a time. She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. She played Morticia Addams' mother, Hester Frump, in three episodes of The Addams Family. [20][41] They created a product called USE.IT, based on the HOS methodology they developed at MIT. Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. Heres how it works. Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. Phil Davis She is one of the people credited with coining the term "software engineering". [4] However, in mid-1959, Hamilton began working for Edward Norton Lorenz, in the meteorology department at MIT. [2] Before she turned to acting exclusively, her parents insisted she attend Wheelock College in Boston, which she did, later becoming a kindergarten teacher. The solution came from a young Margaret who assured the Mission Director that she could safely ignore the two error messages. (Image credit: The White House via collectSPACE.com). Her husband is Paul Boynton Meserve (13 June1931 - 20 May1938)( divorced)( 1 child). ", /system/people/detail_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton.jpg, /system/people/list_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton_320.jpg. Hamilton has published more than 130 papers, proceedings, and reports, about sixty projects, and six major programs. In 1939, Hamilton played the role of the Wicked Witch of the West, opposite Judy Garland's Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz, creating not only her most famous role, but also one of the screen's most memorable villains. She was contributing writer for Space.com (opens in new tab) for 10 years before joining full-time, freelancing since 2012. August 17, 2016. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. 2003 Annual Report of the NASA Inventions and Contributions Board, 2003. Mastodon: https://qoto.org/@howellspace. Her "priority display" innovation had created a knock-on risk that astronaut and computer would slip out of synch just when it mattered most. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. She was born on August 17, 1936, which makes Margaret Hamilton age be 82 years old as of now. She was director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for NASA 's Apollo program. Even with her extensive film career, Hamilton took roles in whatever medium she could get if she was free, making her soap opera debut as the nasty Mrs. Sayre on Valiant Lady, who schemed to prevent her daughter from marrying the heroine's son. The computer (or rather the software in it) was smart enough to recognize that it was being asked to perform more tasks than it should be performing. She grew up during a time when very few women studied computer science, but Hamilton knew she wanted to write code. Hamilton was initially hired as a programmer for this process but moved on into systems design. She led a team that was tasked with developing the software for the guidance and control systems of the in-flight command and lunar modules of the Apollo missions. [54][55][56] Hamilton details how she came to make up the term "software engineering": When I first came up with the term, no one had heard of it before, at least in our world. In the early 1970s, she joined the cast of another CBS soap opera, As the World Turns, on which she played Miss Peterson, Simon Gilbey's assistant. [38] Paul Curto, senior technologist who nominated Hamilton for a NASA Space Act Award, called Hamilton's work "the foundation for ultra-reliable software design".[23]. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Hamilton-American-computer-scientist, Space.com - Margaret H. Hamilton: Apollo Computer Programmer, Wired - Her Code Got Humans on the Moon - And Invented Software Itself, Margaret Hamilton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Margaret Hamilton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), National Aeronautics and Space Administration. As the alarms went off and priority displays replaced normal ones, the actual switchover to new programmes behind the screens was happening "a step slower" than it would today. [4][5] The family later moved to Michigan,[6] where Margaret graduated from Hancock High School in 1954. In 2003, she was given the NASA Exceptional Space Act Award for scientific and technical contributions. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. (Apollo 13 aborted before landing due to an explosion in the command module's service area.). In the early 1960s Hamilton joined MITs Lincoln Laboratory, where she was involved in the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) project, the first U.S. air defense system. Besides her work in Apollo, she was part of MIT Lincoln Laboratory's Semi-Automatic Ground Environment Air Defense System, or SAGE. Zack, Suzanne. The contract was awarded just weeks before then-President John F. Kennedy announced that he planned to have humans on the moon by the end of the decade. Hamilton, a 24-year-old with an undergrad degree in mathematics, had gotten a job as a programmer at MIT, and the plan was for her to support her husband through his three-year stint at Harvard. She had a small role in the made-for-television film The Night Strangler (1973) and appeared as a befuddled neighbor on Sigmund and the Sea Monsters, who is a friend of the very similar Mary Wickes. Margaret Heafield Hamilton (born Heafield on August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner.She is credited with coining the term, "software engineering".Hamilton was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. I guess for a minute they get the feeling they got when they watched the picture. [20] Hamilton's team was responsible for developing in-flight software,[21] which included algorithms designed by various senior scientists for the Apollo command module, Apollo lunar module, and the subsequent Skylab. It turned out that the astronaut checklist, which governed the actions the crew had to do before landing, had the crew set the rendezvous radar hardware switch in the wrong position. The guidance and control systems would apply to both the lunar module (which would land on the moon) and the command module (which would orbit the moon while the lunar module was on the surface, then house the astronauts on their journey home.) She appeared, uncredited, in Joseph L. Mankiewicz's People Will Talk (1951) as Sarah Pickett. When asked about her experiences on the set of The Wizard of Oz, Hamilton said her biggest fear was that her monstrous film role would give children the wrong idea of who she really was. According to Wired's Karen Tegan Padir: "She, along with that other early programming pioneer, COBOL inventor Grace Hopper, also deserve tremendous credit for helping to open the door for more women to enter and succeed in STEM fields like software. They were married on June 15, 1958, the summer after she graduated from Earlham. Principal Investigator, Magnetometer Instrument, Cassini Mission, This site is maintained by the Planetary Science Communications team at. She became very concerned about the role's effect on children, and finally did a guest spot on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968) to explain that the Witch was just a character in the film, and not herself. Click here if you want to see this biography in Spanish translation. If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. For her work, she was honored with the Presidential Medal. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. Hamilton was concerned with legitimizing software development as an engineering discipline.

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