omicron hospitalization rate vaccinated by age

Vaccine effectiveness of cell-culture relative to egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine during the 2017-18 influenza season. Age-adjusted hospitalization rates among Black adults peaked at 94.7 (January 8, 2022), higher than that among all other racial and ethnic groups, 3.8 times the rate among White adults (24.8) for the same week, and 2.5 times the previous peak (January 16, 2021) among Black adults (37.2). Method: This case-control study aims to determine the hospitalization risk associated with the inactivated BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer . Morb. All analyses were conducted using SAS software, v9.4. Like influenza and Tdap vaccines15,16, data suggest that vaccination during pregnancy may protect infants who are not old enough to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2023 Regents of the University of Minnesota. Only 16% of children between the ages of 5 and 11 are fully vaccinated, and that number climbs to just over 50% of adolescents between ages 12 and 17, according to CDC data . This is consistent with data showing the incidence of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results or death from COVID-19 is higher among unvaccinated adults and adults who have not received a booster than among those who have received a booster or additional dose (5). https://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.27.21262356v1. 241(d); 5 U.S.C. Fully-vaccinated in this chart meant one dose of the J&J vaccine or two doses of Pfizer or Moderna. Danino, D. et al. J. Med. They, as well as vaccinated people who are immunocompromised and at higher risk of severe COVID-19, are still vulnerable to being infected by a vaccinated person. National influenza and COVID-19 surveillance report: 27 January 2022 (week 4). The population of unvaccinated adults is determined by subtracting the number of adults who received any dose of vaccine, as previously defined, from the population. Vaccine 35, 58505857 (2017). Vaccines: The CDC recommends that everyone age 5 and older get an updated covid booster shot. J. Blakeway, H. et al. COVID-NET conducts population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19associated hospitalizations in 99 counties across 14 states. COVID-19associated hospitalizations are those occurring among residents of a predefined surveillance catchment area who have a positive real-time reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or rapid antigen detection test result for SARS-CoV-2 during hospitalization or the 14 days preceding admission. The proportion of hospitalized Black adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with or without a booster or additional dose increased from 4.7% and 14.9%, respectively, during the Delta-predominant period to 14.8% and 25.5%, respectively, during the Omicron-predominant period; Hispanic adults experienced smaller increases. BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against omicron in children 5 to 11 years of age. 387, 109119 (2022). During the Omicron dominant period, receipt of 2 doses during pregnancy reduced the risk of the infant testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 21% (95% CI: 21, 48) during the first 2 months of life, 14% (95% CI: 8, 32) during the first 4 months of life, and 13% (95% CI: 3, 26) during the first 6 months of life (Table2). 40, e137e145 (2021). 45 C.F.R. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Internet Explorer). Vaccination status is not available for Iowa and cases from Iowa are excluded from analyses that examined vaccination status. The final study population included 30311 (48.8%) infants who were KPNC members at least 2 months after birth. The study had limitations worth noting. Experts say they. To ensure stability and reliability of rates by vaccination status, data are presented beginning 14 days after at least 5% of the age group-specific population of the COVID-NET surveillance catchment area has received an additional or booster dose. We excluded these infants because we were primarily interested in estimating the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines received during pregnancy; (7) mothers who received adenovirus vector vaccines or any non-mRNA platform vaccines during pregnancy; (8) mothers who did not receive their mRNA vaccinations in accordance with CDC recommendationse.g., the timing between dose 1 and dose 2 was not within the recommended intervals; and (9) infants who did not become KPNC members within two calendar months of their birth. Johnson AG, Amin AB, Ali AR, et al. The TND is designed to better control for bias related to health care-seeking behavior31,32. JAMA Netw. Other studies found similarly decreased proportions of severe outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during this period (6).. When possible, CDC associates a persons primary vaccination series and booster dose with that person. Lipkind, H. S. et al. Sect. American Academy of Pediatrics. Nat Commun 14, 894 (2023). Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing hospitalization among adults aged 65 yearsCOVID-NET, 13 states, FebruaryApril 2021. Structural changes in the brain may explain the persistent fatigue and neuropsychiatric complications tied to long COVID. Ann Intern Med 2021;174:140919. However, in contrast with the Norwegian study which reported that infants of mothers who were vaccinated had a 33% decreased risk of testing positive during the first 4 months of life during the Omicron period17, our study found a 13% reduced risk that was not statistically significant. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Hospitalizations rates increased among all adults irrespective of vaccination status (unvaccinated, primary series only, or primary series plus a booster or additional dose). According to the Ontario Science Table's online dashboard, the hospital occupancy rate for the unvaccinated was 611 per million unvaccinated people in the province's population as of Jan. 7,. Vaccine effectiveness for 1 dose during the first 6 months of life was 68% (95% CI: 12, 88) (Table2). The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. Corresponding author: Christopher A. Taylor, [email protected]. Children and COVID-19: state data report. A WHO spokesman says China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. Dis. However, vaccination during pregnancy was less effective at protecting infants against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron period. TN, NMF, SB, EV, SRS, DDA, and AMP developed the methodology. We examined the effectiveness of maternal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection in 30,311 infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from December 15, 2020, to May 31, 2022. TN and NMF were responsible for visualisation. All adults should stay up to date (1) with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during the Omicron period than during Delta. 9-14 As of October 2022, 68% of the US population has completed primary series vaccination. Statistical codes are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author. Adults with no documented receipt of any COVID-19 vaccine dose before the test date were considered unvaccinated. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infant protection against SARS-CoV-2 during the first six months of life, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This activity was reviewed by CDC and conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States was 10.5 times higher in unvaccinated adults and 2.5 times higher in those who were vaccinated but received no booster than in booster recipients, according to a new study. Am. During the Omicron-predominant period, hospitalization rates increased among unvaccinated persons and those who completed a primary series, with and without receipt of a booster or additional dose (Figure 2). Secondarily, we used a Test-Negative Design (TND), which is a case-control study, to compare the odds of vaccination among mothers of infants who tested positive vs. the odds of vaccination among mothers of infants who tested negative. In the present study, the mothers of only 32% of infants in the cohort received at least 2 doses during pregnancy. Furthermore, it was reassuring that both the cohort and the secondary TND yielded vaccine effectiveness estimates in the same direction. We were not able to evaluate more detailed measures of relative clinical severity in hospitalised patients (such as intensive care unit admittance), but our finding that estimated severity reductions comparing omicron with delta are larger for more severe endpoints (death and hospital admission versus hospital attendance) agrees with observations that the proportion of hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care or mechanical ventilation (or both) has been substantially lower during the omicron wave in England than the preceding delta wave. GD declares that his employer UK Health Security Agency (previously operating as Public Health England) received funding from GlaxoSmithKline for a research project related to influenza antiviral treatment. Views equals page views plus PDF downloads. * Information on the impact that booster or additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines have on preventing hospitalizations during Omicron predominance is limited. * https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covid-net/purpose-methods.html. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. All other authors declare no competing interests. Article ** Total hospitalizations include data from selected counties in 14 COVID-NET states irrespective of vaccination status and includes adults with partial or unknown vaccination status. This correction ensures that there is always a reasonable denominator for the unvaccinated population that would prevent hospitalization rates from growing unrealistically large because of potential overestimates of vaccination coverage. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates, including non-Hispanic Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. Our analysis . Individual and neighborhood factors associated with failure to vaccinate against influenza during pregnancy. 386, 15321546 (2022). We ran separate models on the time periods associated with the Delta (7/01/2021 to 12/20/2021) and Omicron variants (12/21/2021 to 5/31/2022). The data cannot be shared publicly because the data contain potentially identifying or sensitive patient information and is legally restricted by Kaiser Permanente Northern California. On 13 December, Denmark released data showing that hospitalization rates for people infected with Omicron seemed to be on a par with those for people infected with other variants. Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Rep. 71, 429436 (2022). Christopher A. Taylor, PhD1; Michael Whitaker, MPH1; Onika Anglin, MPH1,2; Jennifer Milucky, MSPH1; Kadam Patel, MPH1,2; Huong Pham, MPH1; Shua J. Chai, MD3,4; Nisha B. Alden, MPH5; Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, MPH6; Evan J. Anderson, MD7,8,9; Kenzie Teno, MPH10; Libby Reeg, MPH11; Kathryn Como-Sabetti, MPH12; Molly Bleecker, MA13; Grant Barney, MPH14; Nancy M. Bennett, MD15; Laurie M. Billing, MPH16; Melissa Sutton, MD17; H. Keipp Talbot, MD18; Keegan McCaffrey19; Fiona P. Havers, MD1; COVID-NET Surveillance Team (View author affiliations). It is critical that nursing home residents stay up to date with CO VID-19 vaccines and receive a bivalent booster dose to maximize protection against COVID-19. We conducted secondary sensitivity analyses restricting the population to infants who received at least one SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. About half of long-COVID patients who were on sick leave at 4 months were still on sick leave at 2 years. Marks, K. J. et al. As of January 26, 2022, 39.6% of Black persons received a primary vaccine series; of those, 43.9% of adults received a booster dose once eligible. This case-positive, control-test-negative design also referred to as the test-negative design (TND) has often been used in studies of vaccine effectiveness. We also conducted analyses based on the trimester during which the vaccine was received during pregnancy (first, second, or third trimester). Defined as one or more of the following: chronic lung disease including asthma, chronic metabolic disease including diabetes mellitus, blood disorder/hemoglobinopathy, cardiovascular disease, neurologic disorder, immunocompromising condition, renal disease, gastrointestinal/liver disease, rheumatologic/autoimmune/inflammatory condition, obesity, feeding tube dependency, and wheelchair dependency. Estimated effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against omicron or delta symptomatic infection and severe outcomes. Two new observational studies suggest that COVID-19 vaccination lowers long-COVID incidence and severity. Officials have received a growing number of reports of XDR Shigella, which is highly transmissible and resistant to commonly recommended antibiotics, in adults. Wkly Rep. 71, 352358 (2022). Over the entire study period, the crude rate of hospitalization with a SARS-CoV-2 positive test was lower during the first 6 months of life among infants whose mothers received at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy compared with infants whose mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy (21/100,000 PY vs. 100/100,000 PY). If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Gretchen Rothrock, California Emerging Infections Program; Millen Tsegaye, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; Julie Plano, Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health; Kyle Openo, Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University; Andy Weigel, Iowa Department of Health; Chloe Brown, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; Erica Bye, Minnesota Department of Health; Wickliffe Omondi, New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico; Alison Muse, New York State Department of Health; Christina Felsen, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Eli Shiltz, Ohio Department of Health; Nasreen Abdullah, Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; William Schaffner, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Melanie Crossland, Salt Lake County Health Department. Baden, L. R. et al. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. the date of publication. However, protection estimates greater than 90% might be too high if individuals with a previous infection were more likely than those without one to come forward for a test for reasons other than suspicion of COVID-19. We observed a similar pattern in vaccine effectiveness by trimester during the Omicron dominant period, however, estimates of vaccine effectiveness by trimester were imprecise and much lower than during the Delta period (Table3). These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Hospitalisation associated with SARS-CoV-2 delta variant in Denmark. Despite several studies showing that vaccination during pregnancy is safe for pregnant people24,25,26,27,28, vaccine uptake has been suboptimal in this group29. Omicron vaccine effectiveness estimates for 7 to 59 days, 60 to 119 days, and 240 days or more after the second dose are not presented owing to imprecision in the estimates and wide 95% CIs (ie, 100 percentage points). 384, 21872201 (2021). There was no link between risk of COVID-19 death and race, except for Indian patients, who were at slightly higher risk than their White peers. Hospitalization of infants and children aged 0-4 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 14 states, March 2020-February 2022. During the Omicron period, among children whose mothers received 1 dose before pregnancy and 1 dose during pregnancy, VE against infection was 46% (95% CI: 23, 77) during the first 2 months of life, 16% (95% CI: 28, 50) during the first 4 months of life and 3% (95% CI: 32, 36) during the first 6 months of life compared with children whose mothers were unvaccinated (Supplemental Table4). In this large study which included >30,000 infants, we found that receipt of at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of infants testing SARS-CoV-2 positive during their first 6 months of life. Includes current treatment or recent diagnosis of an immunosuppressive condition or use of an immunosuppressive therapy during the preceding 12 months. During the study period, home testing became more prevalent. The average age of decedents was 83.3 years. It is possible that this practice may have led to some misclassification of the outcome, and we were unable to assess whether this misclassification was differential between vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Mortal. All authors (O.Z., B.F., N.P.K., T.R., M.G., E.L., P.R., K.G., S.O., and E.L.) critically reviewed the manuscript and decided to proceed with publication. Among all adults, relative to the Delta-predominant period, COVID-19related illness was the primary reason for admission for a smaller percentage of hospitalizations (87.5% versus 95.5%, p<0.01), and median length of stay was shorter (4 versus 5 days, p<0.01) during the Omicron-predominant period; during this period, the proportion of patients admitted to an intensive care unit, who received invasive mechanical ventilation, and who died in-hospital decreased significantly (all p<0.01). Sarah J. CDC is not responsible for the content Protection during both periods decreased as infants aged from 2 months to 6 months. Nature Communications thanks Annette Regan, Olof Stephansson and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Voysey, M., Pollard, A. J., Sadarangani, M. & Fanshawe, T. R. Prevalence and decay of maternal pneumococcal and meningococcal antibodies: a meta-analysis of type-specific decay rates. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine. Office of the Vice President for Research. Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose.

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