stars and bars confederate flag

Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. The largely residential area and its neighbors still have excellent bars to choose from that cater to different scene preferences. The general consensus is that it was designed by Prussian-American artist Nicola Marschall.The design consists of a red-white-red triband (possibly inspired by the Austrian flag, with which Marcschall would . No seven star Confederate flags survive from these states. They resemble too closely the dishonored 'Flag of Yankee Doodle' we imagine that the 'Battle Flag' will become the Southern Flag by popular acclaim." "[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], The Confederate Congress debated whether the white field should have a blue stripe and whether it should be bordered in red. Stars and Bars (First National Flag) image by Wayne J. Lovett, 24 June 2001 The flag which first flew over Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, SC in 1861. "Stonewall" Jackson as it lay in state in the Virginia capitol, May 12, 1863. [13] The Columbia-based Daily South Carolinian observed that it was essentially a battle flag upon a flag of truce and might send a mixed message. A crowd of white teenagers protest school integration in Montogmery, Alabama, in 1963. The Audience went wild, and the song was an instant success. Were most of the flags made in the Confederacy sewn by hand or by sewing machine? But it didnt look like that from a distanceand in the thick of battle, it was hard to tell the two apart. The design of the Stars and Bars varied . When does spring start? ISBN978-0-8061-5575-3, modern display of the Confederate battle flag, private and official use of the Confederate flags, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Provisional Congress of the Confederate States, Modern display of the Confederate battle flag, "What you should know about the Confederate flag's evolution", "The Second Confederate National Flag (Flags of the Confederacy)", "The Third Confederate National Flag (Flags of the Confederacy)", "Nicola Marschall: Excerpts from "The German Artist Who Designed the Confederate Flag and Uniform", "First Confederate Flag and Its Designer O.R. Was there a cavalry size Army of Northern Virginia battle flag? "Neither Arkansas nor Missouri enacted legislation to adopt an official State flag" (Cannon 2005, p. 48). On the border of Fairfax, Beverly Grove, and La Brea, Blue Collar serves up Art Deco and noir vibes. But how did the battle flag, also known as the Southern Cross, come to represent the Confederacy in the first place? This firm, on open market purchases, supplied Confederate 1st national flags to at least seven units in the District of South Carolina between 8 August 1862 and 10 February 1863. The result was the square flag sometimes known as the . Regiments carried flags to help commanders observe and assess battles in the warfare of the era. Its continued use by the Southern Army's post-war veteran's groups, the United Confederate Veterans (U.C.V.) These include flags displayed in states; cities, towns and counties; schools, colleges and universities; private organizations and associations; and individuals. [43], The Army of Northern Virginia battle flag assumed a prominent place post-war when it was adopted as the copyrighted emblem of the United Confederate Veterans. [59][60], Drawing in the United Confederate Veterans 1895 Sponsor souvenir album. By the early 20th century, white Southerners had mythologized an imagined South that fought the war not to uphold slavery but to protect states rights and a genteel way of lifean idyll endangered by Northern aggression and interference. The committee rejected the idea by a four-to-one vote, after which Beauregard proposed the idea of having two flags. Many Confederates disliked the Stars and Bars, seeing it as symbolic of a centralized federal power against which the Confederate states claimed to be seceding. The Dixiecrats adoption of the Confederate battle flag as a party symbol led to a surge in the banners popularity, and a flag fad spread from college campuses to Korean War battlefields and beyond. Thereafter, the number of stars continued to increase until Tennessee gained her seat as the 11th State on 2 July 1861. On 4 March 1861 the Confederate States of America adopted its first national flag, the "Stars and Bars", and raised it over the dome of the temporary capitol in Montgomery, Alabama.. CONFEDERATE 1ST NATIONAL UNIT FLAGS IN SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA. The Confederate War Department chose two similar sized flags for the forts that came under their control as a result of secession. According to Museum of the Confederacy Director John Coski, Miles' design was inspired by one of the many "secessionist flags" flown at the South Carolina secession convention in Charleston of December 1860. If Miles had not been eager to conciliate the Southern Jews, his flag would have used the traditional upright "Saint George's Cross" (as used on the flag of England, a red cross on a white field). The chairman was William Porcher Miles, who was also the Representative of South Carolina in the Confederate House of Representatives. As the Confederacy grew, so did the numbers of white stars on the ensign's dark blue canton: seven-, nine-, eleven-, and thirteen-star groupings were typical. Photograph courtesy the Library of Congress, Photograph by Flip Schulke, CORBIS/Corbis/Getty, Photograph by Kris Graves, National Geographic. [11], Initial reaction to the second national flag was favorable, but over time it became criticized for being "too white." Long COVID patients turn to unproven treatments, Why evenings can be harder on people with dementia, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, This sacred site could be Georgias first national park, See glow-in-the-dark mushrooms in Brazils other rainforest, 9 things to know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, Anyone can discover a fossil on this beach. The flag was adopted by the permanent congress on May 1, 1863. Though it hassome Black supporters, it remains shorthand for a defiant South and all that implies. STARS AND BARS Images of 7 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. Within the blue saltire were seven white stars, representing the current seven states of the Confederacy, two on each of the left arms, one of each of the right arms, and one in the middle. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos. One such 12-star flag resides in the collection of Richmond's Museum of the Confederacy and the other is in the Confederate Memorial Hall Museum in New Orleans. The ANV was never the official flag of the Confederacy and was not called The Stars and Bars. What changed?). Even though the national flag changed in 1863, this flag saw continued use until 1865. 1861 until 1 May 1863. A rejected national flag design was also used as a battle flag by the Confederate Army and featured in the "Stainless Banner" and "Blood-Stained Banner" designs. Their cantons bore eleven white, 5-pointed stars arranged in a circle. First flag with 7 stars(March 4 May 18, 1861), Flag with 11 stars(July 2 November 28, 1861), Last flag with 13 stars(November 28, 1861 May 1, 1863), The Confederacy's first official national flag, often called the Stars and Bars, flew from March 4, 1861, to May 1, 1863. [note 4][20] The first showing of the 13-star flag was outside the Ben Johnson House in Bardstown, Kentucky; the 13-star design was also in use as the Confederate navy's battle ensign[citation needed]. A white rectangle two times as wide as it is tall, a red quadrilateral in the canton, inside the canton is a blue saltire with white outlining, with thirteen white five-pointed stars of equal size inside the saltire. Although this design was never a national flag, it is the most commonly recognized symbol of the Confederacy. ), and elements of the design by related similar female descendants organizations of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, (U.D.C. Beaureguard for the battle flag then named the Army of the Potomac. Second national flag (May 1, 1863 March 4, 1865), 2:1 ratio, Second national flag (May 1, 1863 March 4, 1865), also used as the Confederate navy's ensign, 3:2 ratio, A 12-star variant of the Stainless Banner produced in, Variant captured following the Battle of Painesville, 1865, Third national flag (after March 4, 1865), Third national flag as commonly manufactured, with a square canton, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 18:54. It is historically also known as Memorial Hall. But once Reconstructionended in 1877, white Southerners hastened to restore what they saw as their rightful place at the top of a racially segregated social order. Congress did not adopted a formal Act codifying this flag, but it is described in the Report of the Committee on Flag and Seal, in the following language: The flag of the Confederate States of America shall consist of a red field with a white space extending horizontally through the center, and equal in width to one-third the width of the flag. Add to Plan. Share. In 2015, the flag came roaring back into the national consciousness when a white supremacist killed nine churchgoers at the Emanuel AME Church in Charleston, South Carolina. The stars are usually arranged in a circle and number seven or more. It was flying above the Confederate batteries that first opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, in South Carolina beginning the Civil War. How Long After the Battle of First Manassas did the various battle flags replace the Stars and Bars or did they ever entirely replace it? Known as the Stars and Bars, the flag featured a white star for each Confederate state on a blue background, and three stripes, two red and one white. The third national flag of the Confederate States of America. Return to the Confederate Flags Home Page. It existed in a variety of dimensions and sizes, despite the CSN's detailed naval regulations. Save up to 30% when you upgrade to an image pack. Across the South, Citizens Councils and the Ku Klux Klanflew the battle flag as they intimidated Black citizens. Amid the smoke and general chaos of battle, it was hard to distinguish the Confederate national flag, the "Stars and Bars," from the U. S. national flag, the "Stars and Stripes." Confederate Congressman William Porcher Miles suggested that the army have a . This flag proposal was the first variant submitted by William T. Riddle of Eutaw, Alabama. The red Saint Georges cross is symbolic of the Episcopal church of which Gen. Polk was Bishop of Louisiana. Due to the flag's resemblance to one of truce, some Confederate soldiers cut off the flag's white portion, leaving only the canton.[33]. Offline . President Jefferson Davis' inauguration took place under the 1861 state flag of Alabama, and the celebratory parade was led by a unit carrying the 1861 state flag of Georgia. The Southern Cross symbolized rebelliousness,writes historian John M. Koskibut now it gained a more specific connotation of resistance to the civil rights movement and to racial integration.. Its a story of rebellion, racism, and disagreement over the true history of the Civil Warand as the controversy over its use during the Capitol riots shows, its divisive even 160 years after it was designed. STARS AND BARS Images of 12 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. Flag officially used: September 1860 Summer, 1861, George P. Gilliss flag, also known as the Biderman Flag, the only Confederate flag captured in California (Sacramento). First National Confederate Flag - "Stars and Bars" So Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard decided that he needed to design a different national flag so that it would . Of 23 identified 1st national flags from Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, most (16) bear eleven stars; and of these, 7 are arranged in a circle of eleven, while 5 have ten stars surrounding a center star. Deep South. This flag was known as the 'Stars and Bars', though ironically the Stars and Bars have a completely different design as compared, to the rectangular Confederate flag. Consequently, considerable . One Congressman even mocked it as looking "like a pair of Suspenders". A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. But though the flag had been adopted by advocates of segregation and white supremacy, many denied that aspect of its meaning and instead insisted it stood for the Southern ideals espoused by the Lost Cause. Despite the official pattern and numbers, however, individual examples of the Stars and Bars varied greatly, with numbers of stars ranging from 1 to 17, and star patterns varying greatly beyond the officially sanctioned circle. Quick View. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He argued that the battle flag must be used, but it was necessary to emblazon it for a national flag, but as simply as possible, with a plain white field. But the battle flag has since been claimed by white supremacists and mythologized by others as an emblem of a rebellious Southern heritage. In addition to the 112 1st national flags from states east of the Mississippi, a number of Confederate 1st national flags from the trans-Mississippi region have also been surveyed. With the war over, the South entered Reconstruction, a period during which the now reunified United States ended slavery and gave Black Americans citizenship and voting rights. Lightboxes. After taking command of the main Confederate army in the west, Gen. Jos E. Johnson adopted this variation of the Virginia Battle Flag for the Army of Tennessee. From the heartland of the Confederacy (Tennessee and Kentucky) 18 identified flags were surveyed. The "Stars and Bars" flag, now called the Confederate first national pattern, was selected (without a formal vote) by the Confederate government in March 1861. James B. Walton submitted a battle flag design essentially identical to Miles' except with an upright Saint George's cross, but Beauregard chose the diagonal cross design.[41]. Native American Flags. Most famously, the "Bonnie Blue Flag" was used as an unofficial flag during the early months of 1861. Sign In . The 1879 flag was introduced by Georgia state senator Herman H. Perry and was adopted to memorialize Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War. There were three bars on the flag, two red and one white, and thus the popular name "Stars and Bars." First Flag of the Confederate States of America, March 4, 1861 The seven stars represent the seven original states: South Carolina; Mississippi; Florida; Alabama; Georgia; Louisiana and Texas. After images of the shooter, Dylann Roof, carrying Confederate battle flags emerged, multiple states bowed to pressure to remove them from memorials. Rogers defended his redesign as symbolizing the primary origins of the people of the Confederacy, with the saltire of the Scottish flag and the red bar from the flag of France, and having "as little as possible of the Yankee blue" the Union Army wore blue, the Confederates gray.[13]. William Porcher Miles, however, was not really happy with any of the proposals. In 2000, the flag over the state house was removed, at the . Inside the canton are seven to thirteen white five-pointed stars of equal size, arranged in a circle and pointing outward. Many individual companies received splendid flags from the communities from which they were raised, but the regiments into which they were assembled did not necessarily share in this enthusiasm. Robed Ku Klux Klan members watch Black demonstrators march through Okolona, Mississippi, in 1978. The . Beauregard and Joseph Johnston urged that a new Confederate flag be designed for battle. [citation needed], The First Confederate Navy jacks, in use from 1861 to 1863, consisted of a circle of seven to fifteen five-pointed white stars against a field of "medium blue." A young . The Flags of the Old Dominion Guards, 1st Louisiana Infantry (Dreuxs Battn.) The ensign of the Confederate States Revenue Service, designed by Dr. H. P. Capers of South Carolina on April 10, 1861. In the U.S. Army the garrison flag (flown on special occasions) was 20 feet on the hoist by 36 feet on the fly, while the storm flag (flown during inclement weather and less formal occurences) was directed to measure 10 feet on the hoist by 20 feet on the fly. There are over 140 flags in the collection of Memorial Hall, most of which are from Louisiana regiments. The flag had become big businessand led a double life both as a nostalgic symbol and a deeply evocative banner of racism. Thompson stated in April 1863 that he disliked the adopted flag "on account of its resemblance to that of the abolition despotism against which we are fighting."[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Segregation and oppressiveJim Crow laws soon disenfranchised Black Southernersand members of the Ku Klux Klan terrorized them. Can we bring a species back from the brink? Just under half of these flags (18) bore eleven stars, of which 8 bore a center star with the other ten stars surrounding it. When rebels fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861, theyflew a blue banner with a single white star called the Bonnie Blue Flag. At the First Battle of Manassas, near Manassas, Virginia, the similarity between the "Stars and Bars" and the "Stars and Stripes" caused confusion and military problems. The first flag was raised over the capitol in Montgomery by Miss Letitia Christian Tyler, the granddaughter of President John Tyler. He described these changes and his reasons for making them in early 1861. In addition to the Confederacy's national flags, a wide variety of flags and banners were flown by Southerners during the Civil War. They objected to the Democratic Partys adoption of a pro-civil rights platform and were dismayed when hundreds of thousands of Black Americans registered to vote in Democratic primaries after the Supreme Court declared all-white primaries unconstitutional. Many soldiers wrote home about the ceremony and the impression the flag had upon them, the "fighting colors" boosting morale after the confusion at the Battle of First Manassas. But given the popular support for a flag similar to the U.S. flag ("the Stars and Stripes" originally established and designed in June 1777 during the Revolutionary War), the "Stars and Bars" design was approved by the committee.[17]. . First variant of flag proposal by A. Bonand of Savannah, Georgia, Second variant of flag proposal by A. Bonand, Flag proposal submitted by the "Ladies of Charleston", First variant of flag proposal by L. P. Honour of Charleston, South Carolina, L. P. Honour's second variant of First national flag proposal, Confederate First national flag proposal by John Sansom of Alabama, William Porcher Miles' flag proposal, ancestor flag of the Confederate Battle Flag, John G. Gaines' First national flag proposal, Flag proposal by J. M. Jennings of Lowndesboro, Alabama, Flag proposal submitted by an unknown person of Louisville, Kentucky, One of three finalist designs examined by Congress on March 4, 1861, lost out to Stars and Bars, Second of three finalists in the Confederate First national flag competition, Confederate flag proposal by Mrs E. G. Carpenter of Cassville, Georgia, Confederate flag proposal by Thomas H. Hobbs of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Flag proposal by Eugene Wythe Baylor of Louisiana, Flag proposal submitted by "H" of South Carolina, A Confederate flag proposal by Hamilton Coupes that was submitted on February 1, 1861, The Confederate national flag proposal of Mrs Irene Riddle, wife of William T. Riddle of Eutaw, Alabama. at Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1863. The First National Flag -- Stars and Bars May 4, 1861 - May 1, 1863 The Confederate States of America solicited designs for a national flag early in 1861. The editor of the Charleston Mercury expressed a similar view: "It seems to be generally agreed that the 'Stars and Bars' will never do for us. All rights reserved. The identification stuck, and the flags use proliferated. national flag consisting of white stars (50 since July 4, 1960) on a blue canton with a field of 13 alternating stripes, 7 red and 6 white. Van Dorn was relieved of command after the Battle of Corinth in 1862. Such flags had been part of United States Army Regulations since 1835. [34][35] As a result of this first usage, the flag received the alternate nickname of the "Jackson Flag". FIRST NATIONAL FLAGS FOR THE CONFEDERATE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. These Confederate national colors seem to have measured 4 feet on their hoist by 5 1/2 feet on the fly. Amid the smoke and general chaos of battle, it was hard to distinguish the Confederate national flag, the "Stars and Bars," from the U. S. national flag, the "Stars and Stripes." Confederate Congressman William Porcher Miles suggested that the army have a distinct battle flag. In a Feb. 10 memo to its public affairs offices, the Defense Department said that having service members carry the U.S. flag horizontally or land it on the ground after a parachute jump is no . The similarity between the stars and bars and the stars and strips caused many cases of mistaken identity during the first battle of Manassas or Bull Run in July of 1861. The trend continued with local reenactment groups raising the necessary funds to conserve flags. Miles' flag and all the flag designs up to that point were rectangular ("oblong") in shape. The protesters were demanding diverse hiring and were boycotting the area's stores. William T. Thompson, the editor of the Savannah-based Daily Morning News also objected to the flag, due to its aesthetic similarity to the U.S. flag, which for some Confederates had negative associations with emancipation and abolitionism. Twitter. It was distinct from the Unions flag. As historian John M. Coski writes, Confederate heritage organizations insisted that the flag was rightfully theirs and stood only for the honor of their ancestors. At the same time, however, the symbol was publicly claimed by those who challenged Black peoples humanitypeople like Byron De La Beckwith, a Mississippi white supremacist who murdered civil rights activistMedgar Evers in 1963 and who wore a Confederate flag pin on hislapel throughout his 1994trial. 04 Mar 2023 21:30:08 [44][45][46], The fledgling Confederate States Navy adopted and used several types of flags, banners, and pennants aboard all CSN ships: jacks, battle ensigns, and small boat ensigns, as well as commissioning pennants, designating flags, and signal flags. Men fly a massive Confederate flag during a Black Lives Matter protest in Charleston, South Carolina, in August, 2020. By 1863, it had become well-known and popular among those living in the Confederacy. The blue flag with the circle of white told the Yankees that they facing the troops of Gen. Wm. The final version of the second national flag, adopted May 1, 1863, did just this: it set the St. Andrew's Cross of stars in the Union Jack with the rest of the civilian banner entirely white. Isnt a battle flag supposed to be square? On May 1, 1863, the Confederacy adopted its first official national flag, often called the Stainless Banner. Over the years the flag was changed by adding and . Solar max fabric also has a special UV resistance built right into the weave of the fabric to minimize sun fade and chemical deterioration. Heres the technology that helped scientists find itand what it may have been used for. In Texas, various lone star designs were used during the was for Texas Independence in 1836. Neither state voted to secede or ever came under full Confederate control. While no standard proportions or sizes prevailed nationwide in the Confederate States of America, a survey of 112 identified company or regimental flags from the cis-Mississippi states that conform to the pattern of the Confederate 1st national flag does indicate that several regional variations do predominate. After the battle, General P. G. T. Beauregard wrote that he was "resolved then to have [our flag] changed if possible, or to adopt for my command a 'Battle flag', which would be Entirely different from any State or Federal flag". The "Stars and Bars" flag was only selected by the Congress of March 4, 1861, the day of the deadline. However, Miles' flag was not well received by the rest of the Congress. [12], Flag of Alabama (obverse)(January 11, 1861), Flag of Alabama (reverse)(January 11, 1861), Flag of South Carolina (January 26, 1861), Cherokee Braves Regiment (modern-day Oklahoma)[citation needed], Flag of the Choctaw Brigade (modern-day Oklahoma) (adopted in 1860)[citation needed], Flag of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation[citation needed], Flag made for the Confederate Seminole (reconstruction; exact shades and layout unknown)[36]. The "Stars and Bars" The First Confederate National Flag (1861 - 1863) The Confederate Battle Flag (1861-1865) VII. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars&qu. Our Stars and Bars flags are made from 100% Dupont Solar-Max nylon material or 100% cotton. Many different designs were proposed during the solicitation for a second Confederate national flag, nearly all based on the Battle Flag. The First Official Flag of the Confederacy. The red space above and below to be the same width as the white. Copy link. He also argued that the diagonal cross was "more Heraldric [sic] than Ecclesiastical, it being the 'saltire' of Heraldry, and significant of strength and progress. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? Three horizontal stripes of equal height, alternating red and white, with a blue square two-thirds the height of the flag as the canton. One seven-star jack still exists today (found aboard the captured ironclad CSS Atlanta) that is actually "dark blue" in color (see illustration below, left). These authentic cotton flags are hard to find and may disappear at some point. The thirteen stars stand for the thirteen states that were . How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? The Southern Cross still has plenty of supporters who insist their love of the flag is about heritage, not hate. In a 2019 survey of nearly 35,000 U.S. adults, polling firm YouGovfound that although a plurality of Americans (41 percent) think the flag symbolizes racism, 34 percent think it symbolizes heritage. The second national flag was later adapted as a naval ensign, using a shorter 2:3 aspect ratio than the 1:2 ratio adopted by the Confederate Congress for the national flag. The Confederate States of America used three national flags during the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865, known as the "Stars and Bars" (1861-1863), the "Stainless Banner" (1863-65), and the "Blood-Stained Banner" (1865). The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars&qu. The first official flag of the confederacy was the Stars and Bars, and was reported to the provisional congress of the C.S. Most contemporary interpretations of the white area on the flag hold that it represented the purity of the secessionist cause. [18] He turned to his aide, who happened to be William Porcher Miles, the former chairman of the Confederate Congress's Committee on the Flag and Seal. As the Confederacy grew, so did the numbers of stars: two were added for Virginia and Arkansas in May 1861, followed by two more representing Tennessee and North Carolina in July, and finally two more for Missouri and Kentucky (while the legality of Missouri's secession is contested, neither states partisan governments achieved substantive territory or population). At a distance, the two national flags were hard to tell apart. Only 13 flags, however, had been delivered to Major J.B. McClelland at Richmond by the battle of 1st Manassas (Bull Run), and none of these may have been distributed to the Army at Centreville before the battle. This was replaced again in 2003 with a flag resembling the Stars and Bars. Bar, Cocktails, $ $$ Facebook. President Jefferson Davis arrived by train at Fairfax Station soon after and was shown the design for the new battle flag at the Ratcliffe House. Choose from a wide range of high quality 4K or HD videos and footage. In the early summer of 1861, the army was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) commanded by Gen. R.E. Email. "[11], The flag is also known as the Stainless Banner, and the matter of the person behind its design remains a point of contention. Please be respectful of copyright. In 1956, prompted by the Supreme Courts Brown v. Board of Educationruling that declared segregation unconstitutional, Georgiaadopted a state flag that prominently incorporated the symbol. Adopted in February 1865, as a result from complaints made by the Confederate Navy that he predominate white color of the second national flag caused it be mistaken for a flag of surrender. The winner of the competition was Nicola Marschall's "Stars and Bars" flag. View. In the wake of the 2017 Charlottesville white supremacist rally, demand for the banner surged across the country. This design has become commonly regarded as a symbol of racism and white supremacy or white nationalism, especially in the Southern United States. During the command of Major-General John Pemberton, the Confederate Quartermaster Department in the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, (and later Florida) relied on the Charleston military goods dealership of Hayden & Whilden to furnish flags for the Department. In the center of the union a circle of white stars corresponding in number with the States in the Confederacy. The garrison flag was to measure 18 feet on the hoist by 28 feet on the fly, and the storm flag was to be half that size 9 feet on the hoist by 14 feet on the fly.

Mansions In Chicago Airbnb, Community Health Group Claims Mailing Address, Willam Belli Palm Springs House, Articles S